CockroachDB is a distributed relational database system designed for high availability, scalability, and consistency. It is named after the resilient cockroach because it is engineered to be extremely resilient to failures. CockroachDB is based on the ideas presented in the Google Spanner paper and employs a distributed, scalable architecture model that replicates data across multiple nodes and data centers.

Written in Go, this database provides a SQL interface, making it accessible to many developers who are already familiar with SQL. CockroachDB aims to combine the scalability and fault tolerance of NoSQL databases with the relational integrity and query capability of SQL databases. It is a popular choice for applications requiring a highly available database with horizontal scalability, such as web applications, e-commerce platforms, and IoT solutions.

ASP stands for "Active Server Pages" and is a technology developed by Microsoft for creating dynamic web pages and web applications. It allows developers to create web pages that are dynamically generated on the server side by using scripting languages such as VBScript or JScript.

With ASP, developers can embed server-side scripts directly into HTML documents, allowing them to easily incorporate dynamic content such as database queries, user interactions, and conditional statements. ASP pages typically have the file extension ".asp".

A key component of ASP is the use of ActiveX Data Objects (ADO), which enables developers to access databases to generate dynamic content. This facilitates the development of interactive web applications with database support.

While ASP is still used by some companies, it has largely been superseded by ASP.NET, a more modern and powerful technology for web development from Microsoft. ASP.NET offers improved performance, security, and functionality compared to classic ASP.

SQL injection (SQLI) is a type of attack where an attacker injects malicious SQL code into input fields or parameters of a web page, which is then executed by the underlying database. This attack method exploits vulnerabilities in input validation to gain unauthorized access to or manipulate the database.

An example of SQL injection would be if an attacker enters an SQL command like "OR 1=1" into the username field of a login form. If the web application is not adequately protected against SQL injection, the attacker could successfully log in because the injected SQL command causes the query to always evaluate to true.

SQL injection can have various impacts, including:

1. Disclosure of confidential information from the database.
2. Manipulation of data in the database.
3. Execution of malicious actions on the server if the database supports privileged functions.
4. Destruction or corruption of data.

To protect against SQL injection attacks, web developers should employ secure programming practices, such as using parameterized queries or ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) frameworks to ensure all user inputs are handled securely. Additionally, it's important to conduct regular security audits and promptly install security patches.

Amazon Aurora is a relational database management system (RDBMS) developed by Amazon Web Services (AWS). It's available with both MySQL and PostgreSQL database compatibility and combines the performance and availability of high-end databases with the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of open-source databases.

Aurora was designed to provide a powerful and scalable database solution operated in the cloud. It utilizes a distributed and replication-capable architecture to enable high availability, fault tolerance, and rapid data replication. Additionally, Aurora offers automatic scaling capabilities to adapt to changing application demands without compromising performance.

By combining performance, scalability, and reliability, Amazon Aurora has become a popular choice for businesses seeking to run sophisticated database applications in the cloud.

Amazon RDS stands for Amazon Relational Database Service. It's a managed service provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that allows businesses to create and manage relational databases in the cloud without having to worry about the setup and maintenance of the underlying infrastructure.

RDS supports various types of relational database engines such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and Amazon Aurora, giving users the flexibility to choose the database engine that best suits their application.

With Amazon RDS, users can scale their database instances, schedule backups, monitor performance, apply automatic software patches, and more, without dealing with the underlying hardware or software. This makes operating databases in the cloud easier and more scalable for businesses of all sizes.