SOLID is an acronym that represents five design principles in object-oriented programming and software development. These principles were introduced by Robert C. Martin to promote maintainable, scalable, and flexible software architecture. Each letter in the acronym stands for a specific principle:
Single Responsibility Principle (SRP): A class should have only one reason to change, meaning it should have only one responsibility. This principle encourages the separation of concerns and ensures that each class focuses on doing one thing well.
Open/Closed Principle (OCP): Software entities (classes, modules, functions, etc.) should be open for extension but closed for modification. This principle allows you to add new functionality without altering the existing code, promoting code reuse and minimizing the risk of introducing bugs.
Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP): Objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without affecting the correctness of the program. In other words, subclasses should be able to be used interchangeably with their base classes.
Interface Segregation Principle (ISP): Clients should not be forced to depend on interfaces they do not use. This principle suggests that smaller, more focused interfaces are better than large, general-purpose ones, preventing clients from being burdened with unnecessary methods.
Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP): High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules; both should depend on abstractions. Abstractions should not depend on details; details should depend on abstractions. This principle encourages the use of interfaces and dependency injection to decouple classes and increase flexibility.
By following these SOLID principles, developers can create more maintainable, modular, and robust software that is easier to extend and modify over time.
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