SQL stands for "Structured Query Language," and it is a specialized programming language primarily used for managing and querying databases. SQL is a crucial component in the world of databases and is supported by many relational database management systems like MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle Database, and SQLite.

SQL allows users to create, edit, query, and delete data in a database. Here are some of the basic tasks that can be performed with SQL:

1. Data Query: SQL enables you to query data from a database to extract information, typically using SELECT statements.

2. Data Modification: You can update data in a database to modify, add, or delete existing records using UPDATE, INSERT, and DELETE statements.

3. Database Management: You can create, modify, and delete databases, as well as manage user permissions and security settings.

4. Database Structure: SQL allows you to define the structure of a database, including tables, indexes, relationships, and constraints.

SQL is a standardized language, meaning that the fundamental principles and syntax are largely the same in most relational database management systems. However, there are also differences and extensions supported by various database systems. Developers use SQL to access and manipulate structured data, which is crucial in a wide range of applications and systems.