The Fifth Normal Form (5NF) is a concept in database theory aimed at structuring database tables to minimize redundancy and anomalies. The 5NF builds upon the previous normal forms, particularly the Fourth Normal Form (4NF).
In 5NF, join dependencies are taken into account. A join dependency occurs when two or more attributes in a table depend on each other, but not directly; rather, they are connected through another table via a join operation.
A table is in 5NF if it is in 4NF and does not have any non-trivial join dependencies. Trivial join dependencies are those that are already implied by the primary key or superkeys. Non-trivial join dependencies indicate an additional relationship between the attributes that is not determined by the keys.
The Fourth Normal Form (4NF) is a concept in database theory aimed at structuring database tables to reduce redundancy and anomalies. It builds upon the principles of the first three normal forms (1NF, 2NF, and 3NF).
The 4NF aims to address Multivalued Dependency (MVD), which occurs when a table contains attributes that do not depend on a primary key but are related to each other beyond the primary key. When a table is in 4NF, it means it is in 3NF and does not contain MVDs.
In practice, this means that in a 4NF table, each non-key attribute combination is functionally dependent on every one of its superkeys, where a superkey is a set of attributes that uniquely identifies a tuple in the table. Achieving 4NF can make databases more efficiently designed by minimizing redundancies and maximizing data integrity.
